Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. Literacy statistics for most countries cover the population ages 15 and older, but some include younger ages or are confined to age ranges that tend to inflate literacy rates. The youth literacy rate for ages 15-24 reflects recent progress in education. It measures the accumulated outcomes of primary education over the previous 10 years or so by indicating the proportion of the population who have passed through the primary education system and acquired basic literacy and numeracy skills.

Percentage of cohort of young people three to five years older than the intended age for the last grade of upper secondary level of education who have completed that level of education. This indicator measures the potential impact of electricity on youth education, that represents a crucial pillar for the development of a country.

In 2020, a group of researchers carried out analysis to examine the importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for preserving Intact Forest Landscapes.(Fa et al.2020)They used geospatial data on the extent of Indigenous Peoples’ lands reported by Garnett et al. (2018), and Geospatial data for IFLs were sourced from the Intact Forest Landscapes website (www.intactforests.org) for the years 2000, 2013, and 2016 (Potapov et al. 2017)In the paper they have shown that the proportion of Indigenous Peoples’ lands mapped as IFLs was considerably higher (10.9%) than the proportion of other lands (defined here as all land outside Indigenous Peoples’ lands) mapped as IFLs (6.8%).

In this map we reported the percentage of Intact Forest Lansdcapes reduction in Indigenous People Lands for the period 2000-2016. IN the table we reported also the percentage of IFLs reduction in other lands. To explore more IFLs conservation strategies for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries you can check BIOPAMA Geonode Layers

Sources:

Fa JE, Watson JE, Leiper I, Potapov P, Evans TD, Burgess ND, Molnár Z, Fernández‐Llamazares Á, Duncan T, Wang S, Austin BJ. Importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2020 Apr;18(3):135-4

Malaria, a life-threatening disease transmitted by mosquitoes, affects millions of people worldwide. This layer highlights malaria rates among children age 2 to 10 in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2015.

The CO2 fixed by photosynthesis is one of the most important components of the carbon cycle. Forests play a key role in this process. They represent large and persistent carbon sinks. Tree carbon stocks are important to quantify terrestrial carbon storage and carbon sinks, and to estimate potential emissions from land cover changes (deforestation, reforestation, afforestation) and from biotic (pests, diseases) and abiotic (forest fires, windstorms) disturbances. Spatially explicit data and assessments of forest biomass and carbon are thus paramount to design and implement effective sustainable forest management options and forest related policies. The above-ground carbon index presented in this dataset is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It corresponds to the carbon fraction of the oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees, excluding stump and roots, as estimated by the GlobBiomass project (globbiomass.org) with 2010 as the reference year.

Percentage of children 24-35 months who had received all age appropriate vaccinations. The lower the number of vaccinated children, the more beneficial decentralised renewable energy solutions may be in providing electricity to store vaccines in proper refrigerators.

Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana are the main largest producers of cocoa in the world. However, the cultivation of this crop has led to the loss of vast tracts of forest areas in both countries. Efficient and accurate methods for remotely identifying cocoa farms are essential for the implementation of sustainable cocoa practices and the periodic and effective monitoring of forests. This map, generated using Random Forest image classification, shows the 2019 distribution of cocoa farms in both countries. The estimated area for cocoa is 4.8Mha for Cote d'Ivoire and 2.3Mha for Ghana.

An intact forest landscape (IFL) is a seamless mosaic of forest and naturally treeless ecosystems with no remotely detected signs of human activity and a minimum area of 500 km2. (Potapov et al.2017) Intact forests are complex and diverse ecosystems that if lost, are irreplaceable. Research shows that designating intact forest landscapes as protected areas has proven effective at limiting their fragmentation. Since 2000, around 100 conserved and protected areas were created in intact forests areas in ACP countries, increasing the percentage of IFL protected from 11% in 2000 to 26% in 2020.

Differences in countries in terms of IFL area reduction: Cuba has not experienced any reduction in IFLs and nowadays its intact forests are fully protected by PAs (544sqkm). At the contrary Angola still not has any kind of protection for its IFLs and experienced a reduction of 39,83% of its IFL (1160 sqkm) in country.The reduction of IFL area in ACP countries was higher outside PAs (19%) than within PAs (5%).Madagascar is the country where the reduction of IFL areas was very high inside protected areas (2420 sqkm). The IFL loss inside PAs has been more than 40% between 2000 and 2020. Central African Republic experienced 23% of reduction inside PAs (938,13 sqkm). This layer shows the percentage of IFLs protected by country

Analysis performed by Simona Lippi

Percentage of schools in Africa reporting to have no electricity. The lower the education facilities with access to electricity the greater the potential for decentralised renewable energies to improve electricity access in these facilities and thus educational outcomes.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, medium- and low-voltage data are often non-existent, uncompleted, or unavailable. This is a challenge for practitioners working on the electricity access agenda, power sector resilience or climate change adaptation. This layer presents the spatial extent of the existing and planned electricity grid (high, medium, low voltage level) compiled using multiple sources that enumerate elements of the existing transmission and distribution network.

Percentage of women who worked in the 12 months preceding the survey and are working currently. A lower score reflects weaker female emancipation within the labour market, and thus a higher potential impact of electricity access for improving women empowerment.

Percentage of healthcare facilities with electricity access in selected countries. Information on electricity access for healthcare facilities has been collected in the electricity access health facility database (EHFDB). The lower the healthcare facilities with access to electricity the greater the potential for decentralised renewable energies to improve electricity access in these facilities and thus healthcare outcomes.

Number of deaths attributable to household air pollution resulting from solid fuels for cooking. Evidence from epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to smoke from incomplete combustion of solid fuels is linked with a range of conditions including acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Of these, evidence for three have been assessed on sufficiently strong basis for inclusion in the burden of disease estimates: acute lower respiratory infections in young children (under 5 years); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults (above 25 years); lung cancer in adults (above 25 years).

Many African countries, especially in the Sub-Saharan region highly depend on hydropower which is one of the energy sources that are most affected by droughts. At the same time hydropower has a huge impact on water consumption (mainly through evaporation from reservoir surfaces) in comparison with other fuel types despite having higher densities of plants and installed capacities. Hydropower accounts for 15% of Africa’s energy production. This map shows the energy production (GWh) of hydropower plants with an installed capacity above 5MW, aggregated for each hydropower-generating country in Africa for year 2016.

Percentage of women who are literate. This indicator highlights the importance of electricity for women, who spend the majority of their time taking care of the households. Electricity can ease girls and young women from houdeholds duties and allow them to attend schools. Thus, the lower the number of households with access to electricity the greater the potential for decentralised renewable energies to improve literacy levels among women.

This layer provides estimates of the percentage of children aged 2 to 10 years (PfPR2–10) with detectable Plasmodium falciparum parasites in 2022. The estimates are generated using geostatistical models based on point prevalence surveys, routine surveillance data, and a wide range of geospatial covariates representing mosquito habitat and environmental conditions. The data are available annually from 2000 onward, covering all malaria-endemic countries, at a spatial resolution of 5 × 5 km.

From the new available dataset in GFW on tree cover change between 2000 and 2020, here we are displaying the net change in tree cover by percent for country.The net change in tree cover corresponds to the area of gross gain minus the area of gross loss to show the overall change (negative or positive). The attribute table provides also statistics on net change in tree cover  such stable forest or disturbed forest(in hectars).

This dataset is accessed through Global Forest Watch on 04/10/2022. www.globalforestwatch.org.

Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Pickens, A., Hernandez-Serna, A., Tyukavina, A., Turubanova, S., Zalles, V., Li, X., Khan, A., Stolle, F., Harris, N., Song, X-P., Baggett, A., Kommareddy, I., and Kommareddy, A. 2022. The Global 2000-2020 Land Cover and Land Use Change Dataset Derived From the Landsat Archive: First Results. Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 13, April 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.856903; summarized by administrative area at WRI

Net official development assistance (ODA) is government aid designed to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries. Aid may be provided bilaterally, from donor to recipient, or channelled through a multilateral development agency such as the United Nations or the World Bank. Net official aid (OA) refers to aid flows from official donors to more advanced (developing) countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. This map shows the aggregated figure (sum of ODA and OA) for African countries. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Carbon storage in biomass (biological material) is a key link in the global carbon cycle, and consequently for climate change mitigation. Forests in particular are an important carbon sink that help reduce the greenhouse effect. Together, the above-ground carbon (carbon fraction contained in the stems, barks, branches and twigs of living trees), the belowground biomass carbon (carbon fraction contained in roots of living trees) and the soil organic carbon (amount of carbon stored in the soil) provide a complete overview of the total carbon stored in forest areas (trees and soil). This map shows the total carbon stored expressed in units of dry mass (Mg) per ground area unit (km2).

The global capture fisheries has increased over the last 50 years as the consumption of seafood has doubled.This has increased pressure on fish stocks across the world. According to the State of World Fishery and Aquaculture 2020(FAO), the global capture fisheries production rose 14% from 1990 to 2018 and in 2018 it reached 96.4million tonnes. Here we show how much wild fish African countries caught in their EEZ in the last ten years (tonnes). In the attribute table you can find how much of the threatened marine fish species had be legally caught

Percentage of undernourished people. The higher the incidence of undernourished people the more beneficial decentralised renewable energy solutions may be, in terms of improving both cooking facilities within households and agricultural productivity with positive impacts on nutrition. Thus electricity can be used to make agricultural practices more efficient and refrigerate food produce to store for longer.

Prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age. Survey estimates are based on standardized methodology using the WHO Child Growth Standards. Global and regional estimates are based on methodology outlined in UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (UNICEF/WHO/WB 2012).

This dataset shows Regional locations and general geologic setting of known deposits of major nonfuel mineral commodities in Africa

This dataset provides the P50 projections for a geothermal system utilizing a Chiller unit.

Chiller refers to an absorption chiller or heat pump integrated into the geothermal system. It is used to provide cooling (by utilizing the geothermal heat) or to extract additional heat from the return fluid, thereby increasing the system's overall thermal harvest.

P50 is a statistical term used in risk analysis and forecasting. P50 represents the median scenario, meaning there is a 50% probability that the actual outcome will be higher than this value and a 50% probability it will be lower. It serves as the baseline "best estimate."

• Coefficient of Performance (COP) [-]: A measure of efficiency, defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work (energy) required to operate the Chiller. Higher values indicate greater efficiency.

• Doublet Net Production [MW]: The actual useful power output (Megawatts) generated by the "doublet" (one production well + one injection well), subtracting any energy used by pumps or auxiliary equipment.

• Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) [US$ct/kWh]: The average revenue per unit of energy needed to recover the cost of building and operating the plant over its entire life cycle. It essentially represents the break-even price.

• Net Present Value (NPV) [million US$]: The current financial value of all future cash flows the project will generate, minus the initial investment costs. A positive NPV generally indicates a profitable project.

• Optimized Depth of the Aquifer [m]: The calculated ideal drilling depth (meters) to reach the geothermal reservoir that balances drilling costs with temperature/flow benefits.

• Pressure needed to drive pumps [Bar]: The total pressure difference required to drive the thermal loop through the reservoir and wellbore.

• Production Flow Rate [m³/h]: The volume of geothermal fluid extracted from the reservoir per hour (cubic meters per hour).

• Temperature at Reservoir [°C]: The natural temperature (Celsius) of the geothermal fluid within the subsurface rock formation before it is brought to the surface.

• Transmissivity [Dm]: A measure of how easily fluid flows through the porous aquifer. It is the product of hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness (often measured in Darcy-meters). High transmissivity means easier extraction.

• Well Distance [m]: The physical distance (meters) between the production well (extraction) and the injection well (return). Proper spacing prevents "short-circuiting," where cool injected water lowers the temperature of the production well too quickly.

This dataset provides the P50 projections for a Direct Heat with Heat Pump geothermal system.

Direct Heat with Heat Pump refers to a scenario where a geothermal system is integrated with an industrial heat pump to upgrade low-grade heat. This allows for production from geothermal temperatures as low as 40°C, which are then heated by the pump to a delivery temperature of 80°C. The reinjection temperature is set to the production temperature minus 20°C, with a absolute minimum of 15°C.

P50 is a statistical term used in risk analysis and forecasting. P50 represents the median scenario, meaning there is a 50% probability that the actual outcome will be higher than this value and a 50% probability it will be lower. It serves as the baseline ""best estimate.""

• Coefficient of Performance (COP) [-]: A measure of efficiency, defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work (energy) required to operate the Chiller. Higher values indicate greater efficiency.

• Doublet Net Production [MW]: The actual useful power output (Megawatts) generated by the ""doublet"" (one production well + one injection well), subtracting any energy used by pumps or auxiliary equipment.

• Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) [US$ct/kWh]: The average revenue per unit of energy needed to recover the cost of building and operating the plant over its entire life cycle. It essentially represents the break-even price.

• Net Present Value (NPV) [million US$]: The current financial value of all future cash flows the project will generate, minus the initial investment costs. A positive NPV generally indicates a profitable project.

• Optimized Depth of the Aquifer [m]: The calculated ideal drilling depth (meters) to reach the geothermal reservoir that balances drilling costs with temperature/flow benefits.

• Pressure needed to drive pumps [Bar]: The total pressure difference required to drive the thermal loop through the reservoir and wellbore.

• Production Flow Rate [m³/h]: The volume of geothermal fluid extracted from the reservoir per hour (cubic meters per hour).

• Temperature at Reservoir [°C]: The natural temperature (Celsius) of the geothermal fluid within the subsurface rock formation before it is brought to the surface.

• Transmissivity [Dm]: A measure of how easily fluid flows through the porous aquifer. It is the product of hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness (often measured in Darcy-meters). High transmissivity means easier extraction.

• Well Distance [m]: The physical distance (meters) between the production well (extraction) and the injection well (return). Proper spacing prevents ""short-circuiting,"" where cool injected water lowers the temperature of the production well too quickly.

This dataset provides the P50 projections for a Direct Heat geothermal system.

Direct Heat refers to the use of geothermal energy for applications such as space heating, industrial processes, or agriculture. In the utilized model, it is assumed a minimum production temperature of at least 60°C and a reinjection temperature of 40°C.

P50 is a statistical term used in risk analysis and forecasting. P50 represents the median scenario, meaning there is a 50% probability that the actual outcome will be higher than this value and a 50% probability it will be lower. It serves as the baseline "best estimate."

• Coefficient of Performance (COP) [-]: A measure of efficiency, defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work (energy) required to operate the Chiller. Higher values indicate greater efficiency.

• Doublet Net Production [MW]: The actual useful power output (Megawatts) generated by the ""doublet"" (one production well + one injection well), subtracting any energy used by pumps or auxiliary equipment.

• Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) [US$ct/kWh]: The average revenue per unit of energy needed to recover the cost of building and operating the plant over its entire life cycle. It essentially represents the break-even price.

• Net Present Value (NPV) [million US$]: The current financial value of all future cash flows the project will generate, minus the initial investment costs. A positive NPV generally indicates a profitable project.

• Optimized Depth of the Aquifer [m]: The calculated ideal drilling depth (meters) to reach the geothermal reservoir that balances drilling costs with temperature/flow benefits.

• Pressure needed to drive pumps [Bar]: The total pressure difference required to drive the thermal loop through the reservoir and wellbore.

• Production Flow Rate [m³/h]: The volume of geothermal fluid extracted from the reservoir per hour (cubic meters per hour).

• Temperature at Reservoir [°C]: The natural temperature (Celsius) of the geothermal fluid within the subsurface rock formation before it is brought to the surface.

• Transmissivity [Dm]: A measure of how easily fluid flows through the porous aquifer. It is the product of hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness (often measured in Darcy-meters). High transmissivity means easier extraction.

• Well Distance [m]: The physical distance (meters) between the production well (extraction) and the injection well (return). Proper spacing prevents ""short-circuiting,"" where cool injected water lowers the temperature of the production well too quickly.

This dataset provides the P50 projections for an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) geothermal power plant.

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) refers to a binary power plant configuration where geothermal fluid (brine) is used to heat a secondary organic working fluid. This process allows for efficient electricity generation from medium-to-low temperature resources (typically 90°C to 150°C). The organic fluid vaporizes, drives a turbine, and is then condensed back into a liquid to repeat the cycle. The geothermal brine is reinjected into the reservoir after passing through the heat exchanger.

P50 is a statistical term used in risk analysis and forecasting. P50 represents the median scenario, meaning there is a 50% probability that the actual outcome will be higher than this value and a 50% probability it will be lower. It serves as the baseline ""best estimate.""

• Coefficient of Performance (COP) [-]: A measure of efficiency, defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work (energy) required to operate the Chiller. Higher values indicate greater efficiency.

• Doublet Net Production [MW]: The actual useful power output (Megawatts) generated by the ""doublet"" (one production well + one injection well), subtracting any energy used by pumps or auxiliary equipment.

• Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) [US$ct/kWh]: The average revenue per unit of energy needed to recover the cost of building and operating the plant over its entire life cycle. It essentially represents the break-even price.

• Net Present Value (NPV) [million US$]: The current financial value of all future cash flows the project will generate, minus the initial investment costs. A positive NPV generally indicates a profitable project.

• Optimized Depth of the Aquifer [m]: The calculated ideal drilling depth (meters) to reach the geothermal reservoir that balances drilling costs with temperature/flow benefits.

• Pressure needed to drive pumps [Bar]: The total pressure difference required to drive the thermal loop through the reservoir and wellbore.

• Production Flow Rate [m³/h]: The volume of geothermal fluid extracted from the reservoir per hour (cubic meters per hour).

• Temperature at Reservoir [°C]: The natural temperature (Celsius) of the geothermal fluid within the subsurface rock formation before it is brought to the surface.

• Transmissivity [Dm]: A measure of how easily fluid flows through the porous aquifer. It is the product of hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness (often measured in Darcy-meters). High transmissivity means easier extraction.

• Well Distance [m]: The physical distance (meters) between the production well (extraction) and the injection well (return). Proper spacing prevents ""short-circuiting,"" where cool injected water lowers the temperature of the production well too quickly.

This dataset compiles geophysical models detailing the thickness of the Earth's outer layers, ranging from surface sedimentary basins down to the base of the lithosphere. The collection serves a dual purpose: it provides broad, global baseline data for sediment distribution, while also offering high-resolution, integrated regional models specifically focused on the African plate.

Dataset Contents:

I. Global Baselines

• Global Sediment Thickness (Laske & Masters, 2013): The global sediment thickness baseline extracted from the CRUST1.0 model. This provides broad, foundational coverage across both continental and oceanic domains. (Values expressed in km).
• Global Oceanic Sediment Thickness (Straume et al., 2019): A high-resolution, 5-arc-minute grid detailing total sediment thickness specifically for the world's oceans and marginal seas, compiled from extensive new data and previous work. (Values expressed in m).

II. African Regional Models

• Combined Sediment Thickness (Africa): A synthesized, optimized sedimentary thickness map for Africa and its surrounding regions. This layer intelligently merges the Laske & Masters (2013) and Straume et al. (2019) maps, prioritizing the Straume data wherever overlaps occur to maximize resolution. (Values expressed in m).
• Crustal Thickness (Globig et al., 2016): An Africa-specific crustal thickness map derived from the integrated modeling of elevation, geoid data, and rigorous thermal analysis. (Values expressed in km).
• Lithosphere Thickness (Globig et al., 2016): An Africa-specific lithospheric thickness map, complementing the crustal layer, derived using the same integrated elevation, geoid, and thermal modeling approach. (Values expressed in km).

These layers are part of the Geothermal Atlas for Africa developed within the LEAP-RE project

The current version of the GDW database (version 1.0) aims to catalogue all types of anthropogenic instream barriers. While initial mapping efforts prioritize major dams that form reservoirs, as well as run-of-river barriers on larger rivers where more information is readily available, the dataset comprises two distinct but interconnected spatial layers:

• Barrier and Dam Locations (Point Layer): Contains barrier and dam locations, geospatially referenced as point coordinates and co-registered to the global river network of HydroSHEDS.
• Reservoir Extents (Polygon Layer): Contains associated reservoir polygons, which includes data representing the maximum storage capacity of the reservoirs measured in million cubic meters.

The INFORM Risk Index 2021 is a composite model structured into a hierarchy of dimensions, categories, and components. All scores are normalized on a scale of 0 to 10 (10 being the highest risk).

Below is the clear breakdown of the index's architecture based on your descriptions:

1. The Composite Index

The top-level score representing a country's overall risk of humanitarian crisis. It is used to assign countries into Risk Classes:

• Low: ≤3.5
• Medium: 3.5−5.0
• High: 5.0−6.5
• Very High: ≥6.5

2. Dimension: Vulnerability

This dimension measures the predisposition of a population to be affected by a hazard based on economic, political, and social characteristics.

Sub-Index: Socio-Economic Vulnerability

An aggregate index covering three main components of systemic instability:

• Development Deprivation: Measures poverty using the Human Development Index (HDI) and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
• Inequality: Captures the dispersion of human development, including the Gender Inequality Index and the Gini Coefficient.
• Aid Dependency: Measures economic instability through reliance on public aid, development assistance, and remittances.

Sub-Index: Vulnerable Groups

Captures social groups with limited access to care and heightened susceptibility:

• Uprooted People: Tracks refugees, IDPs, and returnees.
• Children Under 5: Specifically monitors child malnutrition and mortality rates.
• Recent Shocks: Factors in populations already affected by natural disasters in the last 3 years.
• Food Security: Captures trends in chronic hunger and nutritional balance.
• Health Conditions: Monitors the prevalence of pandemics (HIV, TB, Malaria) and neglected tropical diseases.

3. Dimension: Lack of Coping Capacity

This dimension measures the ability of a country to manage and recover from disasters through its infrastructure and government effort.

Sub-Index: Institutional Capacity

Measures the "soft" infrastructure of a country's disaster management:

• Governance: Captures government effectiveness, resilience-building, and political integrity (lack of corruption).
• DRR Implementation: Quantifies how well Disaster Risk Reduction activities are actually put into practice.

Sub-Index: Infrastructure

Measures the "hard" assets and systems available during a crisis:

• Communication: Evaluates the efficiency of early warning dissemination and the literacy/education of the recipients.
• Physical Connectivity: Assesses the accessibility of transport and the quality/availability of water and sanitation services.
• Access to Healthcare: Captures health system strength, including physician density and maternal/infant health services.

<p>This spatial dataset contains the geographic boundaries and ecological evaluations of 45 Key Landscapes for Conservation and Development (KLCDs) across Sub-Saharan Africa. Building on the <a href="https://africa-knowledge-platform.ec.europa.eu/dataset/key-landscapes-c…; Key Landscapes for Conservation (KLCs) </a> identified in the EU report <a href="https://op.europa.eu/sl/publication-detail/-/publication/d76ac7eb-bc4a-…;“Larger than elephants”</a>, the NaturAfrica initiative is rolled out across these key biodiversity and development landscapes.</p>

<p>NaturAfrica's efforts are concentrated on ‘mega-landscapes’—biogeographical regions identified as crucial for both conservation and development. These regions encompass:</p>
<ul>
<li>The forest ecosystems of the Congo Basin;</li>
<li>Landscapes of transhumance pastoralists in North Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Chad;</li>
<li>Guinean forests of West Africa;</li>
<li>Savannahs in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa;</li>
<li>Savannahs and watersheds of the East Africa rift;</li>
<li>Transfrontier conservation areas of Southern Africa.</li>
</ul>

<p>The layer was developed to support the prioritization of intervention areas for the second phase of this initiative, which combines conservation with sustainable job creation. It provides a spatially explicit characterization of ecological value across these landscapes, evaluated and attributed based on five core ecological and environmental dimensions:</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="label">Threatened Species Richness:</span> Concentration and diversity of threatened species.</li>
<li><span class="label">Species Endemicity:</span> Presence of endemic species unique to the specific geographic region.</li>
<li><span class="label">Ecosystem Integrity:</span> The integrity of protected and conserved areas, accounting for degrees of human modification and habitat fragmentation.</li>
<li><span class="label">Ecological Connectivity:</span> The degree of connectivity and spatial linkages between protected and conserved areas.</li>
<li><span class="label">Ecosystem Services:</span> Provisioning and regulating services, with a specific focus on carbon storage and water services.</li>
</ul>

<strong>Purpose</strong>
<p>The layer was created to inform the EC Directorate General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA) and policymakers in selecting and prioritizing funding intervention areas based on specific targets (e.g., species conservation, connectivity, or water security) within different biogeographical regions. It serves as a spatial decision-support tool to align with the European Green Deal and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.</p>

<strong>Geographic Extent</strong>
<ul>
<li><span class="label">Region:</span> Sub-Saharan Africa</li>
<li><span class="label">Coverage:</span> 45 distinct Key Landscapes for Conservation and Development (KLCDs)</li>
</ul>

<strong>Keywords</strong>
<ul>
<li><span class="label">Thematic:</span> Biodiversity Conservation, NaturAfrica, Ecosystem Services, Protected Areas, Habitat Connectivity, Species Endemicity, European Green Deal, Ecosystem Integrity, Transfrontier Conservation, Mega-landscapes.</li>
<li><span class="label">Spatial:</span> Sub-Saharan Africa, Congo Basin, West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, Sudano-Sahelian zone.</li>
</ul>

<strong>Lineage / Data Source</strong>
<p>This dataset is derived from the <a href="https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC145021"&gt; technical assessment conducted for the European Commission Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity (KCBD) </a>.</p>

Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chla) are an indicator of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in open waters. They can be an effective measure of trophic status and are commonly used to measure water quality. This layer compares the Chla value from the last full month with the long-term mean Chla. A positive anomaly (warm colours) means the monthly Chla is higher than the long-term average for that month; a negative anomaly (cool colours) means it is lower than the average.